A+ Glossary Of Terms
AC Alternating Current
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction.
ACL Access Control List
An access control list (ACL), with respect to a computer file system, is a list of permissions attached to an object. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects. Each entry in a typical ACL specifies a subject and an operation.
ACPI Advanced Configuration Power Interface
ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) is an industry specification for the efficient handling of power consumption in desktop and mobile computers. ACPI specifies how a computer's basic input/output system, operating system, and peripheral devices communicate with each other about power usage.
ADF Automatic Document Feeder
In multifunction or all-in-one printers, fax machines, photocopiers and scanners, an automatic document feeder or ADF is a feature which takes several pages and feeds the paper one page at a time into a scanner or copier,[1] allowing the user to scan, and thereby copy, print, or fax, multiple-page documents without having to manually replace each page.
ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ADSL differs from the less common symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL). In ADSL, bandwidth and bit rate are said to be asymmetric, meaning greater toward the customer premises (downstream) than the reverse (upstream). Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers for Internet access for primarily downloading content from the Internet, but not serving content accessed by others.
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛindaːl]),[3] is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.[4]
AES is a subset of the Rijndael block cipher[3] developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen, who submitted a proposal[5] to NIST during the AES selection process.[6] Rijndael is a family of ciphers with different key and block sizes.
For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.
AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface
Advanced Host Controller Interface, or AHCI, is a technical standard for an interface that enables software to communicate with Serial ATA (SATA) devices. These peripheral component interconnect (PCI)-class devices move data between system memory and SATA storage media.
AP Access Point
Short for Access Point, a hardware device or a computer's software that acts as a communication hub for users of a wireless device to connect to a wired LAN. APs are important for providing heightened wireless security and for extending the physical range of service a wireless user has access to.
APIPA Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) is a feature of Windows-based operating systems (included in Windows 98, ME, 2000, and XP) that enables a computer to automatically assign itself an IP address when there is no Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server available to perform that function.
APM Advanced Power Management
Advanced power management (APM) is an API developed by Intel and Microsoft and released in 1992[1] which enables an operating system running an IBM-compatible personal computer to work with the BIOS (part of the computer's firmware) to achieve power management.
Revision 1.2 was the last version of the APM specification, released in 1996. ACPI is intended as the successor to APM. Microsoft dropped support for APM in Windows Vista. The Linux kernel still mostly supports APM, with the last fully functional APM support shipping in 3.3.
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. For example, in IP Version 4, the most common level of IP in use today, an address is 32 bits long.
ASR Automated System Recovery
Automated system recovery (ASR) is a feature of the Windows XP operating system that can be used to simplify recovery of a computer's system or boot volumes. ASR consists of two parts: an automated backup, and an automated restore. The backup portion can be accessed in the Backup utility under System Tools.
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment
Short for Advanced Technology Attachment, ATA was approved on May 12, 1994, and is an interface that connects hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and other drives. The first ATA interface is now commonly referred to as PATA, which is short for Parallel AT Attachment after the introduction of SATA. Today, almost all home computers use the ATA interface, including Apple computers, which use SATA.
ATAPI Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) is an interface between your computer and attached CD-ROM drives and tape backup drives. ... ATAPI is part of the Enhanced IDE (EIDE) interface (also known as ATA-2).
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is a switching technique used by telecommunication networks that uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing to encode data into small, fixed-sized cells. This is different from Ethernet or internet, which use variable packet sizes for data or frames.
ATX Advanced Technology Extended
Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) is a motherboard form factors used for PC systems. The ATX was first introduced in 1995 by Intel. It was an evolutionary design built on the previous Advanced Technology (AT) model by improving the outline of the case, the power supply and the motherboard.
AUP Acceptable Use Policy
An acceptable use policy (AUP) is a document stipulating constraints and practices that a user must agree to for access to a corporate network or the Internet. Many businesses and educational facilities require that employees or students sign an acceptable use policy before being granted a network ID.
A/V Audio Video
Audiovisual (AV) means possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as slide-tape presentations,[1] films, television programs, church services and live theater productions.
Audiovisual service providers frequently offer web streaming, video conferencing and live broadcast services.[2]
Computer-based audiovisual equipment is often used in education, with many schools and universities installing projection equipment and using interactive whiteboard technology.
Another audiovisual expression is the visual presentation of sound (visual music).
BD-R Blu-ray Disc Recordable
Blu-ray Disc Recordable (BD-R) refers to two direct to disc optical disc recording technologies that can be recorded on to an optical disc with an optical disc recorder. BD-R discs can be written to once, whereas Blu-ray Disc Recordable Erasable (BD-RE) can be erased and re-recorded multiple times. Disc capacities are 25 GB for single-layer discs, 50 GB for double-layer discs,[1] 100 GB ("XL") for triple-layer, and 128 GB for quadruple-layer (in BD-R only).[2]
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BIOS (basic input/output system) is the program a personal computer's microprocessor uses to get the computer system started after you turn it on. It also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video adapter, keyboard, mouse and printer.
BD-RE Blu-ray Disc Rewritable
Blu-ray Disc Recordable (BD-R) refers to two direct to disc optical disc recording technologies that can be recorded on to an optical disc with an optical disc recorder. BD-R discs can be written to once, whereas Blu-ray Disc Recordable Erasable (BD-RE) can be erased and re-recorded multiple times. Disc capacities are 25 GB for single-layer discs, 50 GB for double-layer discs,[1] 100 GB ("XL") for triple-layer, and 128 GB for quadruple-layer (in BD-R only).[2]
BNC Bayonet-Neill-Concelman
The BNC (Bayonet Neill–Concelman) connector is a miniature quick connect/disconnect radio frequency connector used for coaxial cable. The interface specifications for the BNC and many other connectors are referenced in MIL-STD-348.[1] It features two bayonet lugs on the female connector; mating is fully achieved with a quarter turn of the coupling nut. BNC connectors are used with miniature-to-subminiature coaxial cable in radio, television, and other radio-frequency electronic equipment, test instruments, and video signals. The BNC was commonly used for early computer networks, including ARCnet, the IBM PC Network, and the 10BASE2 variant of Ethernet. BNC connectors are made to match the characteristic impedance of cable at either 50 ohms or 75 ohms. They are usually applied for frequencies below 4 GHz[2] and voltages below 500 volts.[3]
BSOD Blue Screen of Death
A stop error, better known as a Blue Screen of Death (also known as a blue screen or BSoD), is an error screen displayed on a Windows computer system after a fatal system error, also known as a system crash: when the operating system reaches a condition where it can no longer operate safely.
BYOD Bring Your Own Device
Bring your own device (BYOD)—also called bring your own technology (BYOT), bring your own phone (BYOP), and bring your own personal computer (BYOPC)—refers to the policy of permitting employees to bring personally owned devices (laptops, tablets, and smart phones) to their workplace, and to use those devices to access ...
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart
A CAPTCHA (/kæp.tʃə/, an acronym for "completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart") is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is human. The term was coined in 2003 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas J. Hopper, and John Langford.
CD Compact Disc
A Compact Disc, also called a CD are small plastic discs which store and retrieve computer data or music using light. Compact Discs replaced floppy disks because they were faster and could hold more information. The CDs made floppy disks to become wikt:obsolete. CDs were invented by both Philips and Sony at the same time, but not together. Sony and Philips did work together to create a standard format and the technology to read CDs in 1982. CDs can hold up to 700 MB worth of data, which is about 80 minutes of music. Mini CDs were also made for special small programs like drivers. CDs that have computer information on them are called CD-ROMs, or Compact Disc - Read Only Memory. The diameter of a normal CD is 120 mm. The middle hole in a CD is about 1.5 cm).
CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory
Stands for "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory." A CD-ROM is a CD that can be read by a computer with an optical drive. The "ROM" part of the term means the data on the disc is "read-only," or cannot be altered or erased. Because of this feature and their large capacity, CD-ROMs are a great media format for retail software. The first CD-ROMs could hold about 600 MB of data, but now they can hold up to 700 MB. CD-ROMs share the same technology as audio CDs, but they are formatted differently, allowing them to store many types of data
CD-RW Compact Disc-Rewritable
CD-RW (for compact disc, rewriteable) is a compact disc (CD) format that allows repeated recording on a disc. The CD-RW format was introduced by Hewlett-Packard, Mitsubishi, Philips, Ricoh, and Sony, in a 1997 supplement to Philips and Sony's Orange Book. CD-RW is Orange Book III (CD-MO was I, while CD-R was II). Prior to the release of the Orange Book, CDs had been read-only audio (CD-Digital Audio, described fully in the Red Book), to be played in CD players, and multimedia (CD-ROM), to be played in computers' CD-ROM drives. After the Orange Book, any user with a CD Recorder drive could create their own CDs from their desktop computers. CD-RW drives can write both CD-R and CD-RW discs and can read any type of CD.
CDFS Compact Disc File System
The Compact Disc File System (CDFS) is a file system for read-only and write-once CD-ROMs developed by Simson Garfinkel and J. Spencer Love at the MIT Media Lab between 1985 and 1986.[1] The file system provided for the creation, modification, renaming and deletion of files and directories on a write-once media. The file system was developed with a write-once CD-ROM simulator and was used to master one of the first CD-ROMs in 1986. CDFS was never sold, but its source code was published on the Internet and the CD-ROMs were distributed to Media Lab sponsors. The file system is the basis of WOFS (Write-once File System),[2] sold by N/Hance systems in 1989.
CERT Computer Emergency Response Team
A Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is an expert group that handles computer security incidents. Alternative names for such groups include Computer Emergency Readiness Team and Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT).
CFS Central File System, Common File System, or Command File System
The file systems supported by the operating systems on these computers span a wide spectrum. The CFS will provide a central facility on which local file systems may store files and from which they may retrieve them. Files on the CFS are accessible to all machines on the local network.
CGA Computer Graphics and Applications
CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR /ˈsaɪdər, ˈsɪ-/) is a method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing. The Internet Engineering Task Force introduced CIDR in 1993 to replace the previous addressing architecture of classful network design in the Internet.
CIFS Common Internet File System
Common Internet File System (CIFS) is a file-sharing protocol that provides an open and cross-platform mechanism for requesting network server files and services. CIFS is based on the enhanced version of Microsoft's Server Message Block (SMB) protocol for Internet and intranet file sharing.
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) is a technology for constructing integrated circuits. CMOS technology is used in microprocessors, microcontrollers, static RAM, and other digital logic circuits. CMOS technology is also used for several analog circuits such as image sensors (CMOS sensor), data converters, and highly integrated transceivers for many types of communication. Frank Wanlass patented CMOS in 1963 (US patent 3,356,858) while working for Fairchild Semiconductor.
CNR Communications and Networking Riser
Communications and networking riser (CNR) is a slot found on certain PC motherboards and used for specialized networking, audio, and telephony equipment. A motherboard manufacturer can choose to provide audio, networking, or modem functionality in any combination on a CNR card
COMx Communication port (x=port number)
The serial port will be listed as "Communications Port (COMX)", where X is the number of the port (i.e. COM1, COM2, etc).Jan 6, 2017
CPU Central Processing Unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
CRT Cathode-Ray Tube
The cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images.[1] It modulates, accelerates, and deflects electron beam(s) onto the screen to create the images. The images may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets, or other phenomena. CRTs have also been used as memory devices, in which case the visible light emitted from the fluorescent material (if any) is not intended to have significant meaning to a visual observer (though the visible pattern on the tube face may cryptically represent the stored data).
DaaS Data as a Service
In computing, data as a service (or DaaS) is a cousin of software as a service (SaaS). ... Traditionally, most organisations have used data stored in a self-contained repository, for which software was specifically developed to access and present the data in a human-readable form.
DAC Discretionary Access Control
In computer security, discretionary access control (DAC) is a type of access control defined by the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria[1] "as a means of restricting access to objects based on the identity of subjects and/or groups to which they belong. The controls are discretionary in the sense that a subject with a certain access permission is capable of passing that permission (perhaps indirectly) on to any other subject (unless restrained by mandatory access control)".
DB-25 Serial Communications D-Shell Connector, 25 pins
The DB-25 connector is used for parallel, small computer system interface (SCSI), or RS-232 serial applications. In parallel applications, DB-25 connectors are known as IEEE-1284 Type A connectors.
The male DB-25 is the second-oldest serial computing port, referred to as COM2, and the standard 25-pin D-shell connector for EIA-232 serial communication. Various RS-232 communications devices use the male version.
The female DB-25 is primarily used for computer printer ports. Older computers contain only one DB-25 female parallel port
DB-9 Serial Communications D-Shell Connector, 9 pins
The term "DB9" refers to a common connector type, one of the D-Subminiature or D-Sub types of connectors. DB9 has the smallest "footprint" of the D-Subminiature connectors, and houses 9 pins (for the male connector) or 9 holes (for the female connector).
DBaaS Database as a Service
Definition - What does Database as a Service (DBaaS) mean? Database as a service (DBaaS) is a cloud computing service model that provides users with some form of access to a database without the need for setting up physical hardware, installing software or configuring for performance.
DC Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. A battery is a good example of a DC power supply. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current.[1]
DDoS Distributed Denial of Service
DDoS Stacheldraht attack diagram.
In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.[1]
In a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.
A DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, disrupting trade.
Criminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks or credit card payment gateways. Revenge, blackmail[2][3][4] and activism[5] can motivate these attacks.
DDR Double Data Rate
In computing, a computer bus operating with double data rate (DDR) transfers data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal. This is also known as double pumped, dual-pumped, and double transition. The term toggle mode is used in the context of NAND flash memory.
DDR RAM Double Data Rate Random Access Memory
DFS Distributed File System
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm
DLT Digital Linear Tape
DLP Digital Light Processing or Data Loss Prevention
DMA Direct Memory Access
DMZ Demilitarized Zone
DNS Domain Name Service or Domain Name Server
DoS Denial of Service
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRM Digital Rights Management
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DVD Digital Versatile Disc
DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disc-Random Access Memory
DVD-ROM Digital Versatile Disc-Read Only Memory
DVD-R Digital Versatile Disc-Recordable
DVD-RW Digital Versatile Disc-Rewritable
DVI Digital Visual Interface
DVI-D Digital Visual Interface--Digital
ECC Error Correcting Code
ECP Extended Capabilities Port
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EFS Encrypting File System
EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EMP Electromagnetic Pulse
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EPP Enhanced Parallel Port
ERD Emergency Repair Disk
eSATA External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
EULA End User License Agreement
EVGA Extended Video Graphics Adapter/Array
Ext2 Second Extended File System
exFAT Extended File Allocation Table
FAT File Allocation Table
FAT12 12-bit File Allocation Table
FAT16 16-bit File Allocation Table
FAT32 32-bit File Allocation Table
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FPM Fast Page Mode
FSB Front-Side Bus
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name
GDDR Graphics Double Data Rate
GDI Graphics Device Interface
GUI Graphical User Interface
GUID Globally Unique Identifier
GPS Global Positioning System
GPT GUID Partition Table
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer
HAV Hardware Assisted Virtualization
HCL Hardware Compatibility List
HDCP High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDMI High Definition Media Interface
HIPS Host Intrusion Prevention System
HPFS High Performance File System
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTPC Home Theater PC
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
I/O Input/Output
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICR Intelligent Character Recognition
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
IDS Intrusion Detection System
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IIS Internet Information Services
IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IP Internet Protocol
IPConfig Internet Protocol Configuration
IPP Internet Printing Protocol
IPS Intrusion Prevention System
IPSec Internet Protocol Security
IR Infrared
IrDA Infrared Data Association
IRP Incident Response Plan
IRQ Interrupt Request
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISP Internet Service Provider
JBOD Just a Bunch of Disks
KB Knowledge Base
KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine
KVM Keyboard-Video-Mouse
LAN Local Area Network
LBA Logical Block Addressing
LC Lucent Connector
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LED Light Emitting Diode
LPD/LPR Line Printer Daemon/Line Printer Remote
LPT Line Printer Terminal
LVD Low Voltage Differential
MAC Media Access Control/Mandatory Access Control
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface
mATX Micro Advanced Technology Extended
MAU Media Access Unit/Media Attachment Unit
MBR Master Boot Record
MBSA Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
MDM Mobile Device Management
MFA Multifactor Authentication
MFD Multifunction Device
MFP Multifunction Product
MicroDIMM Micro Dual Inline Memory Module
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
MMC Microsoft Management Console
MP3 Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio
MP4 Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 4
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MSConfig Microsoft Configuration
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MT-RJ Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack
MUI Multilingual User Interface
NaaS Network as a Service
NAC Network Access Control
NAS Network-Attached Storage
NAT Network Address Translation
NetBIOS Networked Basic Input/Output System
NetBEUI Networked Basic Input/Output
System Extended User Interface
NFC Near Field Communication
NFS Network File System
NIC Network Interface Card
NiCd Nickel Cadmium
NiMH Nickel Metal Hydride
NLX New Low-profile Extended
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS New Technology File System
NTLDR New Technology Loader
NTP Network Time Protocol
NTSC National Transmission Standards Committee
NVMe Non-volatile Memory Express
OCR Optical Character Recognition
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
OS Operating System
PaaS Platform as a Service
PAL Phase Alternating Line
PAN Personal Area Network
PAT Port Address Translation
PC Personal Computer
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCI Payment Card Industry
PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
PCIX Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended
PCL Printer Control Language
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PE Preinstallation Environment
PGA Pin Grid Array
PGA2 Pin Grid Array 2
PGP Pretty Good Protection
PII Personally Identifiable Information
PIN Personal Identification Number
PHI Personal Health Information
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PnP Plug and Play
PoE Power over Ethernet
POP3 Post Office Protocol 3
PoS Point of Sale
POST Power-On Self-Test
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PPM Pages Per Minute
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
PS/2 Personal System/2 connector
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSU Power Supply Unit
PVA Patterned Vertical Alignment
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
PXE Preboot Execution Environment
QoS Quality of Service
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Server
RAID Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks
RAM Random Access Memory
RAS Remote Access Service
RDP Remote Desktop Protocol
RF Radio Frequency
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RGB Red Green Blue
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RIS Remote Installation Service
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RJ-11 Registered Jack Function 11
RJ-45 Registered Jack Function 45
RMA Returned Materials Authorization
ROM Read-Only Memory
RPO Recovery Point Objective
RTC Real-Time Clock
RT Recovery Time Objective
Saas Software as a Service
SAN Storage Area Network
SAS Serial Attached SCSI
SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
SC Subscription Channel
SCP Secure Copy Protection
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SCSI ID Small Computer System Interface Identifier
SD card Secure Digital Card
SEC Single Edge Connector
SFC System File Checker
SFF Small Form Factor
SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SIMM Single In-Line Memory Module
SLI Scalable Link Interface or System Level..Integration or Scanline Interleave Mode
S.M.A.R.T. Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology
SMB Server Message Block
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SoDIMM Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
SOHO Small Office/Home Office
SP Service Pack
SPDIF Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format
SPGA Staggered Pin Grid Array
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SSD Solid State Drive
SSH Secure Shell
SSID Service Set Identifier
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
SSO Single Sign-on
ST Straight Tip
STP Shielded Twisted Pair
SXGA Super Extended Graphics Array
TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDR Time Domain Reflectometer
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
TLS Transport Layer Security
TN Twisted Nematic
TPM Trusted Platform Module
UAC User Account Control
UDF User Defined Functions or Universal Disk Format or Universal Data Format
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UEFI Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
UNC Universal Naming Convention
UPnP Universal Plug and Play
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
URL Uniform Resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
USMT User State Migration Tool
UTM Unified Threat Management
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
UXGA Ultra Extended Graphics Array
VA Vertical Alignment
VDC Volts DC
VDI Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
VESA Video Electronics Standards Association
VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table
VGA Video Graphics Array
VLAN Virtual LAN
VM Virtual Machine
VNC Virtual Network Computer
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRAM Video Random Access Memory
WAN Wide Area Network
WAP Wireless Access Protocol/Wireless Access Point
WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy
WIFI Wireless Fidelity
WINS Windows Internet Name Service
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WMN Wireless Mesh Network
WPA Wireless Protected Access
WPA2 WiFi Protected Access 2
WPS WiFi Protected Setup
WUXGA Wide Ultra Extended Graphics Array
WWAN Wireless Wide Area Network
XGA Extended Graphics Array
ZIF Zero-Insertion-Force
ZIP Zigzag Inline Package
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction.
ACL Access Control List
An access control list (ACL), with respect to a computer file system, is a list of permissions attached to an object. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects. Each entry in a typical ACL specifies a subject and an operation.
ACPI Advanced Configuration Power Interface
ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) is an industry specification for the efficient handling of power consumption in desktop and mobile computers. ACPI specifies how a computer's basic input/output system, operating system, and peripheral devices communicate with each other about power usage.
ADF Automatic Document Feeder
In multifunction or all-in-one printers, fax machines, photocopiers and scanners, an automatic document feeder or ADF is a feature which takes several pages and feeds the paper one page at a time into a scanner or copier,[1] allowing the user to scan, and thereby copy, print, or fax, multiple-page documents without having to manually replace each page.
ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ADSL differs from the less common symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL). In ADSL, bandwidth and bit rate are said to be asymmetric, meaning greater toward the customer premises (downstream) than the reverse (upstream). Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers for Internet access for primarily downloading content from the Internet, but not serving content accessed by others.
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛindaːl]),[3] is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.[4]
AES is a subset of the Rijndael block cipher[3] developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen, who submitted a proposal[5] to NIST during the AES selection process.[6] Rijndael is a family of ciphers with different key and block sizes.
For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.
AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface
Advanced Host Controller Interface, or AHCI, is a technical standard for an interface that enables software to communicate with Serial ATA (SATA) devices. These peripheral component interconnect (PCI)-class devices move data between system memory and SATA storage media.
AP Access Point
Short for Access Point, a hardware device or a computer's software that acts as a communication hub for users of a wireless device to connect to a wired LAN. APs are important for providing heightened wireless security and for extending the physical range of service a wireless user has access to.
APIPA Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) is a feature of Windows-based operating systems (included in Windows 98, ME, 2000, and XP) that enables a computer to automatically assign itself an IP address when there is no Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server available to perform that function.
APM Advanced Power Management
Advanced power management (APM) is an API developed by Intel and Microsoft and released in 1992[1] which enables an operating system running an IBM-compatible personal computer to work with the BIOS (part of the computer's firmware) to achieve power management.
Revision 1.2 was the last version of the APM specification, released in 1996. ACPI is intended as the successor to APM. Microsoft dropped support for APM in Windows Vista. The Linux kernel still mostly supports APM, with the last fully functional APM support shipping in 3.3.
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. For example, in IP Version 4, the most common level of IP in use today, an address is 32 bits long.
ASR Automated System Recovery
Automated system recovery (ASR) is a feature of the Windows XP operating system that can be used to simplify recovery of a computer's system or boot volumes. ASR consists of two parts: an automated backup, and an automated restore. The backup portion can be accessed in the Backup utility under System Tools.
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment
Short for Advanced Technology Attachment, ATA was approved on May 12, 1994, and is an interface that connects hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and other drives. The first ATA interface is now commonly referred to as PATA, which is short for Parallel AT Attachment after the introduction of SATA. Today, almost all home computers use the ATA interface, including Apple computers, which use SATA.
ATAPI Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) is an interface between your computer and attached CD-ROM drives and tape backup drives. ... ATAPI is part of the Enhanced IDE (EIDE) interface (also known as ATA-2).
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is a switching technique used by telecommunication networks that uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing to encode data into small, fixed-sized cells. This is different from Ethernet or internet, which use variable packet sizes for data or frames.
ATX Advanced Technology Extended
Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) is a motherboard form factors used for PC systems. The ATX was first introduced in 1995 by Intel. It was an evolutionary design built on the previous Advanced Technology (AT) model by improving the outline of the case, the power supply and the motherboard.
AUP Acceptable Use Policy
An acceptable use policy (AUP) is a document stipulating constraints and practices that a user must agree to for access to a corporate network or the Internet. Many businesses and educational facilities require that employees or students sign an acceptable use policy before being granted a network ID.
A/V Audio Video
Audiovisual (AV) means possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as slide-tape presentations,[1] films, television programs, church services and live theater productions.
Audiovisual service providers frequently offer web streaming, video conferencing and live broadcast services.[2]
Computer-based audiovisual equipment is often used in education, with many schools and universities installing projection equipment and using interactive whiteboard technology.
Another audiovisual expression is the visual presentation of sound (visual music).
BD-R Blu-ray Disc Recordable
Blu-ray Disc Recordable (BD-R) refers to two direct to disc optical disc recording technologies that can be recorded on to an optical disc with an optical disc recorder. BD-R discs can be written to once, whereas Blu-ray Disc Recordable Erasable (BD-RE) can be erased and re-recorded multiple times. Disc capacities are 25 GB for single-layer discs, 50 GB for double-layer discs,[1] 100 GB ("XL") for triple-layer, and 128 GB for quadruple-layer (in BD-R only).[2]
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
BIOS (basic input/output system) is the program a personal computer's microprocessor uses to get the computer system started after you turn it on. It also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video adapter, keyboard, mouse and printer.
BD-RE Blu-ray Disc Rewritable
Blu-ray Disc Recordable (BD-R) refers to two direct to disc optical disc recording technologies that can be recorded on to an optical disc with an optical disc recorder. BD-R discs can be written to once, whereas Blu-ray Disc Recordable Erasable (BD-RE) can be erased and re-recorded multiple times. Disc capacities are 25 GB for single-layer discs, 50 GB for double-layer discs,[1] 100 GB ("XL") for triple-layer, and 128 GB for quadruple-layer (in BD-R only).[2]
BNC Bayonet-Neill-Concelman
The BNC (Bayonet Neill–Concelman) connector is a miniature quick connect/disconnect radio frequency connector used for coaxial cable. The interface specifications for the BNC and many other connectors are referenced in MIL-STD-348.[1] It features two bayonet lugs on the female connector; mating is fully achieved with a quarter turn of the coupling nut. BNC connectors are used with miniature-to-subminiature coaxial cable in radio, television, and other radio-frequency electronic equipment, test instruments, and video signals. The BNC was commonly used for early computer networks, including ARCnet, the IBM PC Network, and the 10BASE2 variant of Ethernet. BNC connectors are made to match the characteristic impedance of cable at either 50 ohms or 75 ohms. They are usually applied for frequencies below 4 GHz[2] and voltages below 500 volts.[3]
BSOD Blue Screen of Death
A stop error, better known as a Blue Screen of Death (also known as a blue screen or BSoD), is an error screen displayed on a Windows computer system after a fatal system error, also known as a system crash: when the operating system reaches a condition where it can no longer operate safely.
BYOD Bring Your Own Device
Bring your own device (BYOD)—also called bring your own technology (BYOT), bring your own phone (BYOP), and bring your own personal computer (BYOPC)—refers to the policy of permitting employees to bring personally owned devices (laptops, tablets, and smart phones) to their workplace, and to use those devices to access ...
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart
A CAPTCHA (/kæp.tʃə/, an acronym for "completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart") is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is human. The term was coined in 2003 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas J. Hopper, and John Langford.
CD Compact Disc
A Compact Disc, also called a CD are small plastic discs which store and retrieve computer data or music using light. Compact Discs replaced floppy disks because they were faster and could hold more information. The CDs made floppy disks to become wikt:obsolete. CDs were invented by both Philips and Sony at the same time, but not together. Sony and Philips did work together to create a standard format and the technology to read CDs in 1982. CDs can hold up to 700 MB worth of data, which is about 80 minutes of music. Mini CDs were also made for special small programs like drivers. CDs that have computer information on them are called CD-ROMs, or Compact Disc - Read Only Memory. The diameter of a normal CD is 120 mm. The middle hole in a CD is about 1.5 cm).
CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory
Stands for "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory." A CD-ROM is a CD that can be read by a computer with an optical drive. The "ROM" part of the term means the data on the disc is "read-only," or cannot be altered or erased. Because of this feature and their large capacity, CD-ROMs are a great media format for retail software. The first CD-ROMs could hold about 600 MB of data, but now they can hold up to 700 MB. CD-ROMs share the same technology as audio CDs, but they are formatted differently, allowing them to store many types of data
CD-RW Compact Disc-Rewritable
CD-RW (for compact disc, rewriteable) is a compact disc (CD) format that allows repeated recording on a disc. The CD-RW format was introduced by Hewlett-Packard, Mitsubishi, Philips, Ricoh, and Sony, in a 1997 supplement to Philips and Sony's Orange Book. CD-RW is Orange Book III (CD-MO was I, while CD-R was II). Prior to the release of the Orange Book, CDs had been read-only audio (CD-Digital Audio, described fully in the Red Book), to be played in CD players, and multimedia (CD-ROM), to be played in computers' CD-ROM drives. After the Orange Book, any user with a CD Recorder drive could create their own CDs from their desktop computers. CD-RW drives can write both CD-R and CD-RW discs and can read any type of CD.
CDFS Compact Disc File System
The Compact Disc File System (CDFS) is a file system for read-only and write-once CD-ROMs developed by Simson Garfinkel and J. Spencer Love at the MIT Media Lab between 1985 and 1986.[1] The file system provided for the creation, modification, renaming and deletion of files and directories on a write-once media. The file system was developed with a write-once CD-ROM simulator and was used to master one of the first CD-ROMs in 1986. CDFS was never sold, but its source code was published on the Internet and the CD-ROMs were distributed to Media Lab sponsors. The file system is the basis of WOFS (Write-once File System),[2] sold by N/Hance systems in 1989.
CERT Computer Emergency Response Team
A Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is an expert group that handles computer security incidents. Alternative names for such groups include Computer Emergency Readiness Team and Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT).
CFS Central File System, Common File System, or Command File System
The file systems supported by the operating systems on these computers span a wide spectrum. The CFS will provide a central facility on which local file systems may store files and from which they may retrieve them. Files on the CFS are accessible to all machines on the local network.
CGA Computer Graphics and Applications
CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR /ˈsaɪdər, ˈsɪ-/) is a method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing. The Internet Engineering Task Force introduced CIDR in 1993 to replace the previous addressing architecture of classful network design in the Internet.
CIFS Common Internet File System
Common Internet File System (CIFS) is a file-sharing protocol that provides an open and cross-platform mechanism for requesting network server files and services. CIFS is based on the enhanced version of Microsoft's Server Message Block (SMB) protocol for Internet and intranet file sharing.
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) is a technology for constructing integrated circuits. CMOS technology is used in microprocessors, microcontrollers, static RAM, and other digital logic circuits. CMOS technology is also used for several analog circuits such as image sensors (CMOS sensor), data converters, and highly integrated transceivers for many types of communication. Frank Wanlass patented CMOS in 1963 (US patent 3,356,858) while working for Fairchild Semiconductor.
CNR Communications and Networking Riser
Communications and networking riser (CNR) is a slot found on certain PC motherboards and used for specialized networking, audio, and telephony equipment. A motherboard manufacturer can choose to provide audio, networking, or modem functionality in any combination on a CNR card
COMx Communication port (x=port number)
The serial port will be listed as "Communications Port (COMX)", where X is the number of the port (i.e. COM1, COM2, etc).Jan 6, 2017
CPU Central Processing Unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
CRT Cathode-Ray Tube
The cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images.[1] It modulates, accelerates, and deflects electron beam(s) onto the screen to create the images. The images may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets, or other phenomena. CRTs have also been used as memory devices, in which case the visible light emitted from the fluorescent material (if any) is not intended to have significant meaning to a visual observer (though the visible pattern on the tube face may cryptically represent the stored data).
DaaS Data as a Service
In computing, data as a service (or DaaS) is a cousin of software as a service (SaaS). ... Traditionally, most organisations have used data stored in a self-contained repository, for which software was specifically developed to access and present the data in a human-readable form.
DAC Discretionary Access Control
In computer security, discretionary access control (DAC) is a type of access control defined by the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria[1] "as a means of restricting access to objects based on the identity of subjects and/or groups to which they belong. The controls are discretionary in the sense that a subject with a certain access permission is capable of passing that permission (perhaps indirectly) on to any other subject (unless restrained by mandatory access control)".
DB-25 Serial Communications D-Shell Connector, 25 pins
The DB-25 connector is used for parallel, small computer system interface (SCSI), or RS-232 serial applications. In parallel applications, DB-25 connectors are known as IEEE-1284 Type A connectors.
The male DB-25 is the second-oldest serial computing port, referred to as COM2, and the standard 25-pin D-shell connector for EIA-232 serial communication. Various RS-232 communications devices use the male version.
The female DB-25 is primarily used for computer printer ports. Older computers contain only one DB-25 female parallel port
DB-9 Serial Communications D-Shell Connector, 9 pins
The term "DB9" refers to a common connector type, one of the D-Subminiature or D-Sub types of connectors. DB9 has the smallest "footprint" of the D-Subminiature connectors, and houses 9 pins (for the male connector) or 9 holes (for the female connector).
DBaaS Database as a Service
Definition - What does Database as a Service (DBaaS) mean? Database as a service (DBaaS) is a cloud computing service model that provides users with some form of access to a database without the need for setting up physical hardware, installing software or configuring for performance.
DC Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. A battery is a good example of a DC power supply. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current.[1]
DDoS Distributed Denial of Service
DDoS Stacheldraht attack diagram.
In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.[1]
In a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.
A DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, disrupting trade.
Criminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks or credit card payment gateways. Revenge, blackmail[2][3][4] and activism[5] can motivate these attacks.
DDR Double Data Rate
In computing, a computer bus operating with double data rate (DDR) transfers data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal. This is also known as double pumped, dual-pumped, and double transition. The term toggle mode is used in the context of NAND flash memory.
DDR RAM Double Data Rate Random Access Memory
DFS Distributed File System
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm
DLT Digital Linear Tape
DLP Digital Light Processing or Data Loss Prevention
DMA Direct Memory Access
DMZ Demilitarized Zone
DNS Domain Name Service or Domain Name Server
DoS Denial of Service
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRM Digital Rights Management
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DVD Digital Versatile Disc
DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disc-Random Access Memory
DVD-ROM Digital Versatile Disc-Read Only Memory
DVD-R Digital Versatile Disc-Recordable
DVD-RW Digital Versatile Disc-Rewritable
DVI Digital Visual Interface
DVI-D Digital Visual Interface--Digital
ECC Error Correcting Code
ECP Extended Capabilities Port
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EFS Encrypting File System
EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EMP Electromagnetic Pulse
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EPP Enhanced Parallel Port
ERD Emergency Repair Disk
eSATA External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
EULA End User License Agreement
EVGA Extended Video Graphics Adapter/Array
Ext2 Second Extended File System
exFAT Extended File Allocation Table
FAT File Allocation Table
FAT12 12-bit File Allocation Table
FAT16 16-bit File Allocation Table
FAT32 32-bit File Allocation Table
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FPM Fast Page Mode
FSB Front-Side Bus
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name
GDDR Graphics Double Data Rate
GDI Graphics Device Interface
GUI Graphical User Interface
GUID Globally Unique Identifier
GPS Global Positioning System
GPT GUID Partition Table
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer
HAV Hardware Assisted Virtualization
HCL Hardware Compatibility List
HDCP High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDMI High Definition Media Interface
HIPS Host Intrusion Prevention System
HPFS High Performance File System
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTPC Home Theater PC
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
I/O Input/Output
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICR Intelligent Character Recognition
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
IDS Intrusion Detection System
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IIS Internet Information Services
IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IP Internet Protocol
IPConfig Internet Protocol Configuration
IPP Internet Printing Protocol
IPS Intrusion Prevention System
IPSec Internet Protocol Security
IR Infrared
IrDA Infrared Data Association
IRP Incident Response Plan
IRQ Interrupt Request
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISP Internet Service Provider
JBOD Just a Bunch of Disks
KB Knowledge Base
KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine
KVM Keyboard-Video-Mouse
LAN Local Area Network
LBA Logical Block Addressing
LC Lucent Connector
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LED Light Emitting Diode
LPD/LPR Line Printer Daemon/Line Printer Remote
LPT Line Printer Terminal
LVD Low Voltage Differential
MAC Media Access Control/Mandatory Access Control
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface
mATX Micro Advanced Technology Extended
MAU Media Access Unit/Media Attachment Unit
MBR Master Boot Record
MBSA Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
MDM Mobile Device Management
MFA Multifactor Authentication
MFD Multifunction Device
MFP Multifunction Product
MicroDIMM Micro Dual Inline Memory Module
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
MMC Microsoft Management Console
MP3 Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio
MP4 Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 4
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MSConfig Microsoft Configuration
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MT-RJ Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack
MUI Multilingual User Interface
NaaS Network as a Service
NAC Network Access Control
NAS Network-Attached Storage
NAT Network Address Translation
NetBIOS Networked Basic Input/Output System
NetBEUI Networked Basic Input/Output
System Extended User Interface
NFC Near Field Communication
NFS Network File System
NIC Network Interface Card
NiCd Nickel Cadmium
NiMH Nickel Metal Hydride
NLX New Low-profile Extended
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS New Technology File System
NTLDR New Technology Loader
NTP Network Time Protocol
NTSC National Transmission Standards Committee
NVMe Non-volatile Memory Express
OCR Optical Character Recognition
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
OS Operating System
PaaS Platform as a Service
PAL Phase Alternating Line
PAN Personal Area Network
PAT Port Address Translation
PC Personal Computer
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCI Payment Card Industry
PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
PCIX Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended
PCL Printer Control Language
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PE Preinstallation Environment
PGA Pin Grid Array
PGA2 Pin Grid Array 2
PGP Pretty Good Protection
PII Personally Identifiable Information
PIN Personal Identification Number
PHI Personal Health Information
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PnP Plug and Play
PoE Power over Ethernet
POP3 Post Office Protocol 3
PoS Point of Sale
POST Power-On Self-Test
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PPM Pages Per Minute
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PRI Primary Rate Interface
PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
PS/2 Personal System/2 connector
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PSU Power Supply Unit
PVA Patterned Vertical Alignment
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
PXE Preboot Execution Environment
QoS Quality of Service
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Server
RAID Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks
RAM Random Access Memory
RAS Remote Access Service
RDP Remote Desktop Protocol
RF Radio Frequency
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RGB Red Green Blue
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RIS Remote Installation Service
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RJ-11 Registered Jack Function 11
RJ-45 Registered Jack Function 45
RMA Returned Materials Authorization
ROM Read-Only Memory
RPO Recovery Point Objective
RTC Real-Time Clock
RT Recovery Time Objective
Saas Software as a Service
SAN Storage Area Network
SAS Serial Attached SCSI
SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
SC Subscription Channel
SCP Secure Copy Protection
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SCSI ID Small Computer System Interface Identifier
SD card Secure Digital Card
SEC Single Edge Connector
SFC System File Checker
SFF Small Form Factor
SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SIMM Single In-Line Memory Module
SLI Scalable Link Interface or System Level..Integration or Scanline Interleave Mode
S.M.A.R.T. Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology
SMB Server Message Block
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SoDIMM Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module
SOHO Small Office/Home Office
SP Service Pack
SPDIF Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format
SPGA Staggered Pin Grid Array
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
SSD Solid State Drive
SSH Secure Shell
SSID Service Set Identifier
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
SSO Single Sign-on
ST Straight Tip
STP Shielded Twisted Pair
SXGA Super Extended Graphics Array
TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDR Time Domain Reflectometer
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
TLS Transport Layer Security
TN Twisted Nematic
TPM Trusted Platform Module
UAC User Account Control
UDF User Defined Functions or Universal Disk Format or Universal Data Format
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UEFI Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
UNC Universal Naming Convention
UPnP Universal Plug and Play
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
URL Uniform Resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
USMT User State Migration Tool
UTM Unified Threat Management
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
UXGA Ultra Extended Graphics Array
VA Vertical Alignment
VDC Volts DC
VDI Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
VESA Video Electronics Standards Association
VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table
VGA Video Graphics Array
VLAN Virtual LAN
VM Virtual Machine
VNC Virtual Network Computer
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRAM Video Random Access Memory
WAN Wide Area Network
WAP Wireless Access Protocol/Wireless Access Point
WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy
WIFI Wireless Fidelity
WINS Windows Internet Name Service
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WMN Wireless Mesh Network
WPA Wireless Protected Access
WPA2 WiFi Protected Access 2
WPS WiFi Protected Setup
WUXGA Wide Ultra Extended Graphics Array
WWAN Wireless Wide Area Network
XGA Extended Graphics Array
ZIF Zero-Insertion-Force
ZIP Zigzag Inline Package
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